Embryonic Stem Cells

Palavras horizontais

1. Fertilization normally occurs in the oviduct, and during the next few days, a series of cleavage divisions occur as the ________ travels down the oviduct and into the uterus. (6)
3. Embryonic stem cells: The pluripotent, or embryonic, cells are so called because they have the ability to _______ into any type of adult cell. (9)
5. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in the _______ . (6)
7. Human embryonic stem (ES) cells capture the imagination because they are immortal and have an almost _______ developmental potential (9)
9. They are found in several _______ , such as bone marrow, blood, liver, umbilical cord, placenta, and others. (7)
11. The proliferative and developmental potential of human ES cells promises an essentially unlimited supply of specific cell types for basic research and for transplantation therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's disease to _______ . (8)
13. Each of these blastomeres has the potential to give rise to any cell of the body. The first differentiation event in humans occurs at approximately _______ days of development, when an outer layer of cells committed to becoming part of the placenta (the trophectoderm) separates from the inner cell mass (ICM). (4)

Palavras verticais

2. The ICM cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the _______ , but after implantation, they are quickly depleted as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. However, if the ICM is removed from its normal embryonic environment and cultured under appropriate conditions, the ICM-derived cells can continue to proliferate and replicate themselves indefinitely and still maintain the developmental potential to form any cell type of the body. (4)
4. After many months of growth in culture dishes, these remarkable cells maintain the ability to form cells ranging from _______ to nerve to blood—potentially any cell type that makes up the body. (6)
6. Each of the cells (blastomeres) of these cleavage-stage embryos are _______ , i.e. they do not look or act like the specialized cells of the adult, and the blastomeres are not yet committed to becoming any particular type of differentiated cell. (16)
8. These cells were first isolated in 1998 by _______ and his colleagues and in 2006 a group of researchers managed to obtain skeletal muscle from a mouse. (7)
10. Both sides of the debate are interested in protecting human life, so why are views so different? It comes down to how the human _______ is viewed. (8)
12. To obtain embryonic stem cells, the early embryo has to be destroyed. This means destroying a potential _______ . (4)